Tokyo’s markets gained on Monday.

The Nikkei 225 added 1.17 percent to 16,698.08, while the Topix index had its best day in a month with a gain of 2.07 percent to 1,606.49.

The Mothers market of small and mid-caps was up 3.7 percent to 965.17.

Carmakers were higher after Nissan (TYO: 7201) said that operating profit in its fiscal second quarter was up by 12 percent despite analyst sentiment that profits would be down in the quarter.

Nissan added 14.2 percent to ¥1,283, while Honda Motor (TYO: 7267; NYSE: HMC) and Toyota Motor (NYSE: 7203.T; NYSE: TM; LSE: TYT) each gained 3 percent, to ¥4,160 and ¥6,430 respectively.

In addition, Calsonic Kansei (TYO: 7248), which makes parts for Nissan, added 6.9 percent to ¥620.

Banks were higher after US mortgage lender Countrywide Financial (NYSE: CFC) predicted that it would return to profit in the fourth quarter, raising sentiment that the worst of the subprime crisis could be over.

Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) was up 4.7 percent to ¥1,091 while Mizuho Financial (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) was 5.6 percent higher to ¥639,000 and Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) added 9.5 percent to ¥919,000.

Tokyo’s markets were lower on Thursday.

The Nikkei 225 was 0.45 percent lower to 16,284.17 and the Topix index was down 1.01 percent to 1,548.07, while the Mothers market of small and mid-caps dropped 3.77 percent to 888.75.

Banks were still feeling the fallout of an announced $8.4 billion in writedowns by Merrill Lynch (NYSE: MER; TYO: 8675), which said it lost $2.24 billion in the third quarter.

Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) was down 1.3 percent to ¥829,000, while Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) was 1.9 percent lower to ¥1,018 and Mizuho dropped 3.9 percent to ¥588,000 after a report that it will take a ¥50 billion ($438 million) first-half loss due to exposure to US subprime loans, although it will still make its income forecast due to gains in other units.

In the semiconductors sector, Toshiba (TYO: 6502; LSE: TOS) added 1.7 percent to ¥967 on the strength of better sales of flash memory chips.

On the other hand, Elpida Memory (TYO: 6665) dropped 4.7 percent to ¥3,860 after it said net income was down 75 percent in its fiscal second quarter on lower prices.

UBS downgraded Elpida from “buy” to “neutral”.

In the internet sector, Yahoo Japan (TYO: 4689) fell 9 percent to ¥50,800 after reporting a drop in profits for the quarter.

Tokyo’s markets were mixed on Wednesday’s session.

The Nikkei 225 was 0.56 percent lower to 15,358.39 and the Topix index fell 0.43 percent to 1,563.86, but the Mothers market added 2.21 percent to 923.56.

The banking sector was disturbed by the report concerning Merrill Lynch’s (NYSE: MER; TYO: 8675) writedowns.

Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) was down 0.8 percent to ¥1,038, while Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) dropped 1.3 percent to ¥840,000 and Mizuho Financial (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) fell 1.5 percent to ¥612,000.

Gainers on the session included Chugai Pharmaceutical (TYO: 4519), which added 5.3 percent to ¥1,897 after it reported that net income was up 8.5 percent in the third quarter.

Other gains came on broker upgrades.

Sumitomo Metal Industries (TYO: 5405) was up 2 percent to ¥601 and Sumitomo Chemical gained 4 percent to ¥1,031 after Daiwa upped its rating on the materials sector to “outperform”.

In the retail sector, Fast Retailing (TYO: 9983) jumped 6.8 percent to ¥7,040 after Merrill Lynch increased its recommendation from “neutral” to “buy”.

In Tokyo on Monday the Nikkei 225 fell 2.24 percent to 16,438.47 and the Topix index dropped 1.77 percent to 1,563.07, but the Mothers market of small and mid-caps managed a 1.04 percent gain to 911.42.

Exporters dropped as the yen strengthened in relation to the US dollar.

Construction machinery manufacturer Komatsu (TYO: 6301) was 2.9 percent lower to ¥3,720 after its US rival Caterpillar (NYSE: CAT) cut its profits outlook on a downturn in sales in the United States.

Game console maker Nintendo (TYO: 7974; NAS: NTDOY; FWB: NTO) was also 2.9 percent lower to ¥64,800, while automobile manufacturers Toyota (TYO: 7203.T; NYSE: TM; LSE: TYT) and Honda (TYO: 7267; NYSE: HMC) each fell 2.1 percent, to ¥6,120 and ¥3,750 respectively.

It was Honda’s lowest close in a month and a 14-month low for Toyota.

Banks were still in the doldrums, with Mitsubishi UFJ trading even at ¥1,027 after early-session declines and Sumitomo Mitsui down 0.6 percent to ¥832,000 even though the consumer finance sector, in which they hold stakes, was much higher on the session.

Acom (TYO: 8572) gained 14 percent to ¥3,000 while Aiful (TYO: 8515) added 18 percent to ¥2,670.

Tokyo’s markets were higher Thursday.

The Nikkei 225 gained 0.89 percent to 17,106.09 and the Topix index was 1.09 percent higher to 1,617.75, while the Mothers market jumped 7.22 percent to 883.84.

Banks and brokers were higher after US bank JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM; TYO: 8634) reported quarterly profits that were better than had been expected.

Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) added 2.3 percent to ¥1,040, while Sumitomo Mitusi (TYO: 8316) gained 3 percent to ¥848,000 and Mizuho Financial Group (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) was 3.8 percent higher to ¥630,000.

Broker Nomura (TYO: 8604; NYSE: NMR; SGX: N33) was up 1.5 percent to ¥1,984 and credit card issuer Credit Saison (TYO: 8253) added 2.5 percent to ¥3,230.

Exporters did better after the yen weakened in relation to the US dollar.

Camera maker Canon (TYO: 7751; NYSE: CAJ) gained 2.7 percent to ¥6,100.

Retailers saw declines after the International Monetary Fund cut its prediction of Japanese economic growth from 2.6 percent to 2 percent for this year and from 2 percent to 1.7 percent for next year.

Departments store operator J. Front Retailing (TYO: 3086) dropped 2 percent to ¥1,026 while Seven & I (TYO: 3382) fell 2.2 percent to ¥2,870.

Tokyo’s markets were lower on the session Wednesday after banks declined on news from US bank Wells Fargo (NYSE: WFC) that it had lost $892 million to bad home equity and consumer loans in the third quarter and that earnings will likely be hurt in the fourth quarter as well.

The Nikkei 225 was 1.07 percent lower to 16,955.31 while the Topix index dropped 1.54 percent to 1,600.29 and the Mothers market fell 1.05 percent to 824.34.

Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) was down 4 percent to ¥1,017 and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (TYO: 8316) dropped 5.8 percent to ¥823,000.

Brokerage Nomura Holdings (TYO: 8604; NYSE: NMR; SGX: N33) fell 5.7 percent to ¥1,955.

Declines were also fed by losses in the steel and shipping sectors after the newly proposed rules in India there had investors worried about a slowing economy there if foreign money pulls out of the market.

In the steel sector, JFE Holdings (TYO: 5411) was 3.8 percent lower to ¥7,670, while shipper Mitsui OSK (TYO: 9104) dropped 3.4 percent to ¥1,930.

Some exporters were also lower on the day as the yen strengthened versus the US dollar.

Carmaker Toyota (TYO: 7203.T; NYSE: TM; LSE: TYT) was down 2 percent to ¥6,280 and game console manufacturer Nintendo (TYO: 7974; NAS: NTDOY; FWB: NTO) fell 3.1 percent to ¥68,400.

Toymaker and distributor Tomy (TYO: 7867), however, added 8.3 percent to ¥744 said that profits doubled in its first half on sales of Transformer toys and Nintendo consoles.

Tokyo’s markets were mixed on Wednesday.

The Nikkei 225 was 0.1 percent higher to 17,177.89, but the Topix index dropped 0.11 percent to 1,658.18 and the Mothers market was down 1.75 percent to 857.19.

Retailers saw gains on news of a cooperation agreement between Aeon (TYO: 8267) and Japan Airlines (TYO: 9205) in which the retailer will link its electronic money card to the airline’s frequent flyer miles program.

Aeon added 6.2 percent to ¥1,784, while Japan Airlines gained 4.3 percent to ¥265.

Elsewhere in the retail sector, department store operator Takashimaya (TYO: 8233) was 3.2 percent higher to ¥1,329 on better recommendations from Mizuho Securities and Nikko Citigroup.

Mizuho raised its recommendation from “reduce” to “hold”, while Nikko upped their rating on the retailer from “hold” to “buy”.

Elsewhere in the sector, Seven & I (TYO: 3382) was up 3.7 percent to ¥3,090 while supermarket chain Daiei (TYO: 8263; NAS: DAIEY) added 6.3 percent to ¥940.

Traders and commodities-related groups were higher after oil and metals prices rose overnight.

In the oil sector, Inpex (TYO: 1605) was up 3.4 percent to ¥1.21 million, while Nippon Mining (TYO: 5016) gained 2.1 percent to ¥1,177.

Among traders, Mitsubishi and Mitsui & Co. each added 1.4 percent, to ¥3,520 and ¥2,810 respectively.

Banks were lower, however. Mizuho (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) was down 1.1 percent to ¥703,000 while Sumitomo Mitsui Financial (TYO: 8316) dropped 2.5 percent to ¥948,000.

Tokyo’s markets also saw gains.

The Nikkei 225 was up 1.19 percent to 17,046.78, ending the session above 17,000 for the first time in nearly two months.

The Topix index was 1.48 percent higher to 1,639.79, while the Mothers market of small and mid-caps added 2.83 percent to 756.29.

The gains came on advances in the banking sector after US bank Citigroup (NYSE: C) said that earnings will return to “normal” in the current quarter.

Also helping gains was a prediction by former US Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan that the credit slump could be over, and new data from the US signaled a possible further cut in interest rates.

Among banks, Mizuho (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) added 2.6 percent to ¥661,000 while Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) gained 3.9 percent to ¥915,000 and Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) was up 5.6 percent to ¥1,114.

Elsewhere, electronics giant Sony (TYO: 6758; NYSE: SNE) was 4.3 percent higher to ¥5,890 on Monday’s announcement that the initial public offering of its insurance division had brought in ¥320 billion as well as on the news that it will partner with the Qimonda unit of Infineon (FWB: IFX; NYSE: IFX) to develop DRAM chips for cameras and mobile phones.

Chipmaker Elpida (TYO: 6665) dropped 3.7 percent to ¥3,940 on concerns that it could lose market share to the new partnership.

On the other hand, companies that make chip-testing equipment saw gains.

Tokyo Electron (TYO: 8035) was 4.3 percent higher to ¥7,560 while Advantest (TYO: 6857; NYSE: ATE) added 5 percent to ¥3,750.

Tokyo’s markets were higher on Thursday, as the Nikkei 225 had its highest close in a month and a half with a gain of 2.41 percent to 16,832.22.

The Topix index added 2.48 percent to 1,615.15 while the Mothers market was 5.52 percent higher to 720.5.

Banks were higher on rumors that investor Warren Buffett is looking to buy a stake in Bear Stearns (NYSE: BSC), boosting investor confidence that the subprime crisis will not cripple the financial services sector.

Among banks, Mizuho (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) was up 4.78 percent to ¥658,000, while Resona Holdings (TYO: 8308) added 6.9 percent to ¥190,000.

Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) gained 7 percent to ¥891,000. Regional bank Suruga Bank Ltd (TYO: 8358) was up 11 percent to ¥1,402 after it said it is talking to Japan Post about a deal.

Brokers were also higher, with Nomura Holdings (TYO: 8604; NYSE: NMR; SGX: N33) closing at ¥1,938 and Daiwa Securities (TYO: 8601) adding 8.6 percent to ¥1,114.

The consumer finance sector also saw gains after Takefuji (TYO: 8564) was reported to be preparing results showing that it will cross over into profit this year after losing ¥481.2 billion last year.

Takefuji was 16 percent higher to ¥2,155 after gaining the full amount allowed by the exchange in a session, while Aiful (TYO: 8515) and Promise (TYO: 8574) each gained 15 percent, to ¥1,909 and ¥2,850 respectively.

In the real estate sector, Deutsche Bank (FWB: DBK; NYSE: DB) raised its recommendations on both Mitsui Fudosan (TYO: 8801; NAS: MDSFF) and Sumitomo Realty & Development (TYO: 8830) from “hold” to “buy”.

Mitsui Fudosan was 7.7 percent higher to ¥3,210, while Sumitomo was up 7.9 percent to ¥4,090.

Elsewhere, Japan Tobacco (TYO: 2914) added 4.5 percent to ¥634,000 on a report out of London that it will bid on Turkey’s state-owned cigarette maker, Tekel.

Tokyo’s markets saw gains Wednesday based on new data showing that Japan’s trade surplus quadrupled in August as automobile exports were up by 22 percent.

Expectations of another interest rate cut in the United States after new reports from the housing market there also helped.

The Nikkei 225 was 0.21 percent higher to 16,435.74 and the Topix index added 0.59 percent to 1,576.02, while the Mothers market jumped 8.13 percent to 682.78.

Banks were higher on a report that investments in mutual funds at Japan’s three largest banks were up by 3 percent in August.

Mizuho (TYO: 8411; NYSE: MFG) gained 1.1 percent to ¥628,000 while Sumitomo Mitsui (TYO: 8316) was 2.6 percent higher to ¥833,000.

Mitsubishi UFJ (TYO: 8306; NYSE: MTU) is sitting out this week due to a stock split.

Truck and bus maker Hino Motors (TYO: 7205) added 4 percent to ¥909 after a higher profits forecast based on higher demand from the Middle East and South America.

In the retail sector, electronics retailer Yamada Denki (TYO: 9831) was up 3.5 percent to ¥10,610 after it raised its stake in Best Denki (TYO: 8175) to 7.71 percent and said that it wants to increase its stake in the competing retailer to 20 percent.

Best Denki gained 4.3 percent to ¥854.

Yamada Denki’s purchase and declaration came after Bic Camera (TYO: 3048) said that it would spend ¥5.7 billion to raise its stake in Best Denki to 9.33 percent.

Bic Camera was 0.5 percent lower on the session to ¥59,700.

The oil sector was lower on overnight declines in oil prices.

Japan Petroleum Exploration (TYO: 1662) was 0.7 percent lower to ¥8,270, while Inpex (TYO: 1605) fell 5.8 percent to ¥1.13 million.

Nuclear reactor manufacturer Toshiba (TYO: 6502; LSE: TOS), however, added 4.2 percent to ¥1,027 as investors speculated that its fiscal second quarter report will be better than anticipated.